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Objective@#The study aimed to describe the prevalence of mobile phone use and depressive symptoms and to examine the bidirectional associations between the two among college students, providinb evidence for mental health promotion among college students.@*Methods@#A longitudinal study with follow up at 6 month intervals was conducted in 1 135 students from 2 universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province who were selected between April and May 2019. The last follow up was conducted between April and May 2021 based on questionnaire survey, and 999 valid participants were obtained after matching. The self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the duration of cellular phone use and use of cellular phone functions among college students. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms at baseline and 2 years later; linear regression model was used to analyze the linear association between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms scores; autoregressive cross lagged model was used to analyze the bidirectional associations between cellular phone use behaviors and depressive symptoms among college students over time.@*Results@#The prevalence of mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students at baseline were 24.3% and 42.4%, respectively. The mean duration of mobile phone use among college students at baseline and the 2 year follow up were (2.84±0.90)h/d and (2.02±1.05)h/d, respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone dependence were (23.30±9.00) and (23.29±10.45), respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone function use were (30.12±6.66) and (29.12±7.27), respectively; and the mean scores of depressive symptoms were (4.51±4.76) and (2.61±4.40), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlations between duration of cellular phone use, cellular phone dependence, use of cellular phone functions at baseline or 2 years later and depressive symptoms 2 years later( r =0.08-0.50, P <0.05). Linear regression models showed a significant positive association between cellular phone dependence at baseline and depressive symptoms ( β=0.26, 95%CI =0.23-0.29) at baseline and 2 years later ( β=0.12, 95%CI =0.09-0.15). Autoregressive cross lagged models showed that cellular phone dependence at baseline positively predicted depressive symptoms 2 years later ( β =0.04) and depressive symptoms at baseline positively predicted cellular phone dependence 2 years later( β =0.23)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There was a bidirectional association between cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Reducing cellular phone dependence is of positive significance for improving college students mental health.
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Objective@#To identify high risk behaviors and infection related factors among young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province, to provide evidence for targeted AIDS prevention and control strategies.@*Methods@#By using convient sampling method, an face to face in depth interview on HIV related behaviors was conducted among young adult males newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province in July 2021.@*Results@#A total of 31 young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were interviewed. All were male and infected through homosexuality behavior. Average age was (20.6±1.8) years. Totally 90.3% (28/31) were enrolled in tertiary education at the time of diagnosis. The findings revealed that 93.5% (29/31) of participants got infection due to unprotected homosexual behavior with the temporary partner whose HIV infection status was unknown, and 86.2% (25/29) got in touch with these temporary partner by social software. The awareness rate of knowledge about AIDS among all the participants was 100%, however, 83.9% (26/31) reported occasion condom usage while having homosexual behavior, and 16.1% (5/31) never did. Totally 74.2% (23/31) of the young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS had a history of HIV testing before diagnosis.@*Conclusion@#The primary high risk behavior of HIV infection in young adult students are unawareness of HIV infection status for temporary sexual partner and the separation of knowing and doing. A targeted strategy should be developed to control the spread of HIV in young adult students.
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@#Objective To compare the in-hospital outcomes of transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TA-TAVR) for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients. Methods Patients (including BAV and TAV patients) who underwent TA-TAVR with the J-ValveTM in West China Hospital from July 2014 to July 2020 were included consecutively. The clinical outcomes of the patients were analyzed. Results A total of 354 patients were included in the study, 75 in the BAV group and 279 in the TAV group. There were 229 males and 125 females with a mean age of 72.2±6.0 years. No death occurred during the procedure, and the overall technical success rate was 97.7%. The all-cause in-hospital mortality rate was 1.4%. Twenty (26.7%) patients with BAV and 46 (16.5%) patients with TAV had mild or higher perivalvular leaks immediately after the procedure. No patients with BAV required permanent pacemaker implantation postoperatively, while 13 (4.7%) TAV patients required permanent pacemaker implantation, with an overall pacemaker implantation rate of 3.7%. One (1.3%) BAV patient and 7 (2.5%) TAV patients developed acute kidney injury postoperatively. One (1.3%) BAV patient and 1 (0.4%) TAV patient developed peri-operative myocardial infarction. The average postoperative hospital stay was 7.6±3.6 d for BAV patients and 8.6±6.1 d for TAV patients. There was no statistical difference in primary or secondary in-hospital outcomes between BAV and TAV patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared to TAV patients, BAV patients have similar in-hospital outcomes, with a low incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, which provides preliminary evidence for its implementation in Chinese patients with a high proportion of BAV.
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Objective:To study the phenotype and genotype distribution of Yersinia pestis ( Y. pestis) in different natural foci of plague in China, so as to provide scientific basis for plague prevention and control. Methods:A total of 2 184 strains of Y. pestis isolated from different time periods, regions, hosts and vectors in 11 plague natural foci of China since 1943 were selected for biochemical type identification, glycolysis test, virulence factor test [capsule antigen (F1), pesticin Ⅰ (Pst Ⅰ), virulence antigen factor (VWa), pigmentation factor (Pgm)], different region (DFR) typing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) typing. Results:There were 16 biochemical types of Y. pestis in the natural foci of plague in China, and each biochemical type showed obvious regional distribution in each foci. Most strains were positive for ass hide glue glycolysis (89.79%, 1 961/2 184), maltose (80.13%, 1 750/2 184), glycerol (94.23%, 2 058/2 184), and denitrification (82.78%, 1 808/2 184), and negative for rhamnose (88.78%, 1 939/2 184) and melibiose (85.62%, 1 870/2 184). Virulence factor test results showed that 99.95% (2 183/2 184) of Y. pestis were F1 positive; 99.73% (2 178/2 184) of Y. pestis can produce Pst Ⅰ; 73.31% (1 601/2 184) of Y. pestis were VWa positive and 26.69% (583/2 184) were VWa negative; Pgm positive strains accounted for 72.62% (1 586/2 184), Pgm negative strains accounted for 21.52% (470/2 184), and Pgm mixed type strains accounted for 5.86% (128/2 184). According to DFR typing results, there were 52 genotypes in 2 184 strains of Y. pestis, of which 19 were major genotypes and 33 were minor genotypes. CRISPR typing revealed 16 major genotypes, of which 7 were newly discovered. Conclusion:The phenotypes and genotypes of Y. pestis in various natural foci of plague in China are diverse and have geographical distribution characteristics.
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Objective:To learn about the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotyping of Yersinia pestis in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yushu for short), Qinghai Province, and to explore its genetic characteristics. Methods:In this study, 44 representative strains isolated from local natural plague focus in Yushu from 1963 to 2007 were selected as experimental objects to extract DNA. Primers targeting the three CRISPR loci (YPa, YPb, and YPc) were designed for PCR amplification. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed to identify the CRISPR spacer, and to determine the CRISPR genotypes and clusters.Results:Twenty-three spacers including 14 of YPa, 6 of YPb and 3 of YPc were observed among 44 strains, of which 2 spacers (a106 and a107) were firstly identified. According to the spacer arrays, the strains were divided into 15 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 6 CRISPR clusters which were Cb4, Cc3', Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35', respectively. Among them, Ca7 was the most epidemic dominant cluster (34 strains) in Yushu.Conclusion:The CRISPR loci of Yersinia pestis in Yushu have multiple genotypes, high genetic polymorphism, and complex population structure.
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Objective:To investigate the genotypes of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) of Yersinia pestis ( Y. pestis) and it's regional distribution in the plague natural foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods:In this study, 1 004 strains of Y. pestis isolated from different hosts and vectors in different regions from 1954 to 2011 were selected as experimental objects, which preserved in Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, and DNA of Y. pestis was extracted by traditional phenol-chloroform method. Three CRISPR loci (YPa, YPb and YPc) were amplified by PCR and sequenced, respectively, and the CRISPR sequences were compared with the CRISPRDictionary database recently reported in the literature to identify CRISPR spacer. For the spacer discovered for the first time at each CRISPR locus, Blast sequence alignment was performed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to speculate the source of gene sequence. Genotyping of Y. pestis from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was performed based on the polymorphism of CRISPR spacer array. Results:A total of 53 spacers were found in 1 004 strains of Y. pestis, of which 6 spacers were newly discovered, namely a105, a106, a107, b51, b52 and c14. The 1 004 strains of Y. pestis were divided into 10 groups with 44 different CRISPR genotypes, and 15 new genotypes were found. The dominant genotypes of Y. pestis were G26-a1', G7, G22, G24-a1', G22-a1', G9 and G26-a1'a60 in Himalayan Marmot plague natural foci, and G37-a6' in Qinghai Microtinae plague natural foci. Conclusion:The CRISPR genotypes of Y. pestis in the plague natural foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are high diverse and have significant regional distribution characteristics.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling pathway in sevoflurane postconditioning-induced attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods:Eighty SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 300-340 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), myocardial I/R group (group I/R), myocardial I/R plus sevoflurane postconditioning group (group ISP), and myocardial I/R plus sevoflurane postconditioning plus GLP-1R antagonist group (group ISPE). The myocardial I/R injury model was developed by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 40 min followed by 2-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.In group ISP, the rats inhaled 2.4% sevoflurane for 15 min starting from the beginning of reperfusion.In group ISPE, GLP-1R antagonist Exendin9-39 50 μg/kg (in 1 ml 0.9% normal saline) was intraperitoneally injected once a day from 28 days before development of the model, the last intraperitoneal injection was completed at 40 min before inhalation of sevoflurane, and the other treatments were the same as those previously described in group ISP.Blood samples from the abdominal aorta were collected immediately after reperfusion to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Then the rats were sacrificed, and the hearts were obtained for microscopic examination of the histopathological changes of myocardial tissues (by HE staining) and the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes (with a transmission electron microscope) for determination of the myocardial infarct size (TTC staining), expression of GLP-1R in myocardium (by immunohistochemical staining), expression of GLP-1R, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB (p-CREB), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax) in myocardium (by Western blot). The ratios of p-CREB/CREB and Bcl-2/Bax were calculated. Results:Compared with group S, the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH and percentage of myocardial infarct size were significantly increased, the expression of GLP-1R was up-regulated, the expression of cAMP and PKA was down-regulated, and the p-CREB/CREB ratio and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were decreased in group I/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group I/R, the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH and percentage of myocardial infarct size were significantly decreased, the expression of GLP-1R, cAMP and PKA was up-regulated, and p-CREB/CREB ratio and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were increased in group ISP ( P<0.05). Compared with group ISP, the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH and percentage of myocardial infarct size were significantly increased, the expression of GLP-1R, cAMP and PKA was down-regulated, and the p-CREB/CREB ratio and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were decreased in group ISPE ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Sevoflurane postconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by activation of GLP-1R signal pathway and inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in the treatment of experimental plague in guinea pigs.Methods:A total of 70 SPF guinea pigs, female, weighing 250 to 300 g, were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups according to body weight by random number table. There were 10 guinea pigs in each group: levofloxacin 24, 48, 72 h groups, moxifloxacin 24, 48, 72 h groups (drug treatment was carried out after being infected with Yersinia pestis for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively) and control group (without treatment). Experimentally infected plague model was established through guinea pigs subcutaneous injection of 141 strains of Yersinia pestis [1 × 10 7 colony forming unit (CFU)]; referring to the adult dose in the "National Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China", the daily dose of guinea pigs was converted by Shi Xinyou's animal conversion coefficient method for treatment, the doses of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in each guinea pig were 12.0 and 9.6 mg/d, respectively for 9 days. The guinea pigs were killed 9 days after drug withdrawal for bacteriological examination and pathological observation, and the cure rate was calculated. Results:The cure rates of levofloxacin 24, 48 and 72 h groups were 100.0% (10/10), 70.0% (7/10) and 6/6, respectively. The cure rates of moxifloxacin 24, 48 and 72 h groups were 100.0% (10/10), 100.0% (10/10) and 5/7, respectively, and the cure rate of animals in the control group was 0 (0/10). Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the efficacy of moxifloxacin 24, 48 and 72 h groups and levofloxacin 24, 48 and 72 h groups ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two drugs at the same starting time ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:The effects of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on animal plague infection are ideal and the two drugs can be used as a substitute for streptomycin in plague treatment under special circumstances.
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Objective:To analyze the pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia pestis in a plague natural foci in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods:In this study, 1 378 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from different regions, hosts and vectors in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1954 to 2016 were taken as the research objects. Phenotypic characteristics, plasmid spectrum and genotype of the strains were studied by using conventional techniques and molecular biological techniques. The etiology and geographical distribution of the plague were studied. Results:There were 6 biochemical types of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, namely Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qilian Mountain, Gangdis Mountain, Kunlun Mountain A, Kunlun Mountain B and Chuanqing Plateau. This study found that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau type strain was not only distributed in north Tibet Plateau, but also distributed in south Tibet, and the distribution of Gangdis Mountain type strain extended to south Tibet. Four virulence factors (capsule antigen, yersinin, virulence antigen and pigmentation factor) were found in 79.97% (1 102/1 378) Yersinia pestis. The results also showed that there were 12 kinds of plasmids carried by Yersinia pestis strains in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which constituted 17 kinds of plasmid spectrum. There were 3 kinds of the largest plasmids with taxonomic properties, forming their respective relatively independent distribution areas. The study of different regions (DFR) type showed that 5, 8, 14, 19, 32 and 44 of 1 378 strains were the main genotypes, and the main genome types had obvious geographical distribution. Conclusions:All the tested strains have the characteristics of plague pathogen in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The polymorphism of the main hosts, vectors and the ecological landscape of plague geography in the plague foci in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may lead to the diversity of biochemical characters, plasmid spectrum and geno types of Yersinia pestis.
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Objective:To establish a rapid and quantitative method for the determination of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) by fluorescence immunochromatography and to analyze its clinical application value.Methods:Fluorescence immunoassay for quantitative detection of IgG4 was obtained by means of preparation of kits in a competitive reaction mode and combining immunoassay with fluorescence quantitative assay. The linearity, precision, accuracy, anti-interference ability and stability of the method were evaluated, and compared with immune-scattering turbidimetry, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted, area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, and the critical value for the diagnosis of pancreatitis related diseases was determined, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results:The linear range of fluorescence immunoassay for IgG4 was 0.2-10.0 g/L. The accuracy coefficient of variation was less than 15%, and the accuracy deviation was within ±15%. Bilirubin (2.5 g/L), triglyceride (10 g/L) and hemoglobin (10 g/L) had no significant effect on the quantitative determination. Within 14 months, 1.20 g/L and 2.65 g/L reference samples were detected with concentration deviations within ±15%. The kit validity period was >12 months. Serum samples of 200 healthy people were detected by fluorescence immunochromatography, and the normal reference value of IgG4 was <2.03 g/L. fluorescence immunochromatography and Immunoturbidimetry were used to detect IgG4 concentrations in 383 clinical serum samples. The results showed that the two methods were consistent ( P>0.05). Using 2.01g/L IgG4 as the critical value, the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunochromatography were 96.3% and 95.5% by ROC curve analysis, respectively. Conclusions:Fluorescence immunochromatography was a simple, rapid and accurate method for the quantitative detection of IgG4, and had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pancreatitis related diseases. It was suitable for quantitative detection of bulk samples in outpatient and emergency departments.
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Objective:To understand the status of psychological capital and disaster preparedness of clinical nurses and analyze the relationship between them.Methods:From August to October 2020, 508 clinical nurses were selected from 8 Class Ⅲ hospitals in Zhejiang province by convenience sampling method. General information questionnaire, nurses' psychological capital questionnaire and disaster preparedness questionnaire were used. A total of 508 questionnaires were sent out and 503 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 99.01%.Results:The total score of disaster preparedness score of 503 clinical nurses was (179.53±41.11) points, mean items score was (3.99±0.91) points, psychological capital was (91.86±14.68) points, mean items score was (4.49±0.73) points. Correlation analysis showed that nurses' psychological capital was positively correlated with disaster preparedness ( r value was 0.610, P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that psychological capital, department, working years, whether participated in disaster training and disaster event rescue had significant impact on disaster preparedness of clinical nurses ( t values were 2.002-16.770, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions:The knowledge, skills and post disaster management of clinical nurses are still deficient. Psychological capital affects the level of disaster preparedness of nurses to a certain extent. Nursing managers should formulate targeted intervention measures to enhance the level of psychological capital of nurses, so as to better improve the disaster preparedness of clinical nurses.
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Objective:To investigate the drug resistance of Yersinia pestis to 11 kinds of antibiotics in the natural foci of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide a theoretical basis for scientifically and effectively selecting antibiotics for treatment of the plague. Methods:A total of 137 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from the natural foci of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at different times, regions, hosts and vectors were collected. According to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI), the agar plate dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 11 kinds of antibiotics against 137 strains of Yersinia pestis, including ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, cefuroxime, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The MIC 50 and MIC 90 (the minimum concentration of drug which could inhibit 50% and 90% of bacterial growth) were calculated, and their sensitivity was determined according to CLSI standards. Results:Among 137 strains of Yersinia pestis tested, no strains of Yersinia pestis had single or multiple resistance to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, cefuroxime, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. According to CLSI standards, 137 strains of Yersinia pestis were all sensitive to the 11 kinds of antibiotics; among them, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim had higher antibacterial activity, with MIC 90 < 0.250 μg/ ml; the antibacterial activity of spectinomycin was the lowest, with MIC 90 of 16.000 μg/ml. Conclusions:The Yersinia pestis isolated from the natural foci of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is not found to have single or multiple resistance to the 11 kinds of antibiotics. Continuous drug resistance monitoring of Yersinia pestis should be carried out to provide a basis for clinical medication.
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Objective:To understand whether there are drug resistant and disinfectant resistant Yersinia pestis strains in China, and to provide accurate information for clinical treatment of plague. Methods:A total of 2 753 Yersinia pestis strains isolated from 10 natural plague foci in China from 1943 to 2016 were collected. According to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) released sequences of aminoglycoside streptomycin resistant genes strA, strB, β-lactam antibiotics resistant genes TEM, SHV and CTX-M, sulfamilamide resistant genes sul1, sul2 and sul3, and disinfectant resistant gene qacE△1-sul1, a pair of primers of each gene was designed for above-mentioned genes. Genomic DNA of 2 753 strains of Yersinia pestis was extracted, and the 9 target genes of all DNA samples were amplified by PCR. Results:Negative and positive controls of PCR detection were established. No corresponding target bands of aminoglycoside streptomycin resistant genes strA, strB, β-lactam antibiotics resistant genes TEM, SHV and CTX-M, sulfamilamide resistant genes sul1, sul2 and sul3, and disinfectant resistant gene qacE△1-sul1 were found in the DNA samples of 2 753 strains of Yersinia pestis.Conclusion:The above-mentioned genes of drug resistance and disinfectant resistance have not been detected in Yersinia pestis of China, but the monitoring of drug resistance of Yersinia pestis still needs to be carried out continuously.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)among children in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts.Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted, and selected all children from 12 kindergartens in 6 urban districts of Xi′an.Primary screening positive children with ASD were identified by filling out the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) by their parents and the guardians reports, and then the beha-vioral observations were made to identify suspicious ASD children.Finally these children were diagnosed in the hospital through the autism diagnostic observation schedule, 2 nd edition (ADOS-2). The data were calculated with SPSS 18.0. Results:Totally, 38 cases with ASD were diagnosed among 5 178 children, the prevalence of children ASD in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts was 7.3‰, and the 95% confidence interval was 4.98‰-9.62‰.The prevalence of ASD in children was statistically significant in different age groups ( χ2=9.914, P<0.05) and gender groups ( χ2=18.812, P<0.05). The accuracy of ASD screening by guardians reports is better than that by ABC. Conclusions:(1)The prevalence of ASD children in kindergartens in Xi′an urban districts is at high level in similar reports in China.If ASD children at the special education institutions and home are considered, the overall prevalence rate is higher, indicating that the prevalence of ASD children in China may be underestimated.(2)With the increase of age, the attendance rate of ASD children in kindergartens has a decreasing trend.
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: To investigate the protective effect of (FD) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its mechanism. : Human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells were divided into normal control group, model control group, FD 95% alcohol extract group, FD 50% alcohol extract group and FD decoction extract group. Gastric ulcer was induced by treatment with 1% ethanol in GES-1 cells. The cell proliferation was detected with MTT method in each group. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, ranitidine group and low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose FD 95% alcohol extract groups (150, 300, 600 mg/kg). The corresponding drugs were administrated by gavage for The gastric ulcer model was induced by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The gastric ulcer area and ulcer inhibition rate of rats were measured in each group; the degree of gastricmucosal damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy; the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β in serum and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) in gastric tissues were detected by ELISA method. : 95% alcohol extract of FD had the strongest protective effect on proliferation of GES-1 cells. In animal experiments, compared with the normal control group, a large area of ulcers appeared on the gastric mucosa in the model control group, while the ulcer areas of the FD groups and ranitidine group were significantly smaller than that of the model control group (all <0.05). Compared with the model control group, FD groups and ranitidine group significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in serum and the MDA content in the gastric tissues, and increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues (all <0.05). : The 95% alcohol extract of FD can reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and the content of MDA in gastric tissues, and increase the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues to achieve the protective effect against gastric ulcer.
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Animals , Rats , Ethanol/toxicity , Gastric Mucosa , Malondialdehyde , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Superoxide DismutaseABSTRACT
In order to study the signal pathway secreting type Ⅰ interferon in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the protein and the mRNA expression levels of cGAS/STING pathways were analyzed by ELISA, Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR in PAMs infected with PCV2. In addition, the roles of cGAS, STING, TBK1 and NF-κB/P65 in the generation of type I interferon (IFN-I) from PAMs were analyzed by using the cGAS and STING specific siRNA, inhibitors BX795 and BAY 11-7082. The results showed that the expression levels of IFN-I increased significantly at 48 h after infection with PCV2 (P<0.05), the mRNA expression levels of cGAS increased significantly at 48 h and 72 h after infection (P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of STING increased significantly at 72 h after infection (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of TBK1 and IRF3 increased at 48 h after infection (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of STING, TBK1 and IRF3 in PAMs infected with PCV2 were increased, the content of NF-κB/p65 was decreased, and the nuclear entry of NF-κB/p65 and IRF3 was promoted. After knocking down cGAS or STING expression by siRNA, the expression level of IFN-I was significantly decreased after PCV2 infection for 48 h (P<0.01). BX795 and BAY 11-7082 inhibitors were used to inhibit the expression of IRF3 and NF-κB, the concentration of IFN-I in BX795-treated group was significantly reduced than that of the PCV2 group (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed between the BAY 11-7028 group and the PCV2 group. The results showed that PAMs infected with PCV2 induced IFN-I secretion through the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cells, Cultured , Circovirus , Interferon Type I/genetics , Macrophages, Alveolar/virology , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism , Signal Transduction , SwineABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detection method of Yersinia pestis by determining MIC of 11 kinds of antibiotics against Yersinia pestis, to master the inhibition range of common antibiotics on Yersinia pestis, and provide baseline data for clinical treatment of plague. Methods:According to Clinical Labor Standard Institution (CLSI), the agar plate dilution method was used to determine the MIC of 11 kinds of antibiotics against 118 strains of Yersinia pestis, including ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, streptomycin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, cefuroxime and tetracycline. MIC 50 and MIC 90 (the minimum concentration of drug which could inhibit 50% and 90% of bacterial growth) were calculated. The consistency was observed by comparing the results with those of the disk diffusion method. One hundred and eighteen strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from natural plague foci of Qinghai Province and preserved by Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control. Results:Among 118 strains of Yersinia pestis tested, no single or multiple strains of Yersinia pestis resistant to 11 kinds of antibiotics were found, which was consistent with the results of the disk diffusion method. The MIC 50 and MIC 90 of 11 kinds of antibiotics against 118 strains of Yersinia pestis were obtained. Conclusions:The MIC detection method of Yersinia pestis is successfully established. This method can be used to measure the MIC of antibiotics against Yersinia pestis in high throughput and evaluate the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to antibiotics. It is an efficient, economical and practical experimental method.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical features and genetic variants in a 13-month-old child with Bloom syndrome.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the child was collected. Genetic variants were detected by high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The child was born at full term but was small for gestational age. His clinical features included loss of appetite, severe growth retardation, microcephaly, and small mandible. Genetic testing found that he had carried compound heterozygous c.1068+3A>C and c.1069-1G>C variants of the BLM gene, both of which were unreported previously.@*CONCLUSION@#Bloom syndrome is mainly characterized by severe growth retardation in infancy. The novel variants have expanded the variant spectrum of the BLM gene.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence and prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complicated with coronary vulnerable plaque (VP).Method:Consecutive patients were included who had undergone coronary artery CT angiography (CCTA) from January 1, 2011 to January 30, 2015 at the First People′s Hospital of Neijiang. NAFLD was diagnosed according to the liver imaging findings (liver/spleen CT ratio≤1.0) and clinical data. Baseline data, diagnosis, vulnerable plaque were recorded and followed up. The end points included all-cause death rate, cardiac death rate, non-fatal myocardial infarction rate, and elective coronary revascularization rate.Result:A total of 1 069 patients were eventually recruited in this study, including 316 (29.6%) cases diagnosed as NAFLD. In patients with NAFLD, 130 (41.1%) cases had vulnerable plaque, which was significantly higher than 217 of 753 non-NAFLD patients (28.8%) ( P<0.01). The percentages of spotty calcification, low attenuation plaque, positive remodeling and napkin ring sign in NAFLD cohort were 36.5%, 14.2%, 17.6% and 6.8% respectively, while those corresponding in non-NAFLD cohort were 18.4%, 6.3%, 5.8% and 3.2% respectively. The proportion of each vulnerable feature in NAFLD cohort was significantly higher than that in the non-NAFLD cohort, with P values of 0.016, 0.028, 0.019 and 0.042, respectively. The cardiac mortality rate in NAFLD group was significantly higher than and that of non-NAFLD group (7.0% vs. 3.6%, P=0.044). Multivariate Cox analysis suggested that NAFLD was not an independent risk factor for cardiac death. NAFLD subgroup ( n=316) was divided into VP positive group (NAFLD+VP+, n=130) and VP negative group (NAFLD+VP-, n=186). The mean follow-up time was 4.6±1.3 years. All-cause mortality rate, cardiac death rate, elective coronary artery reconstruction rate, non-fatal myocardial infarction rate in NAFLD+VP+group were 20.8%, 12.3%, 25.4%, 13.8% respectively, which were significantly higher than those corresponding rates in NAFLD+VP-group (5.9%, 3.2%, 8.6%, 6.5%) ( P<0.01, 0.002,<0.01, and 0.032 respectively). Conclusion:The incidences of cardiac mortality, elective coronary revascularization, and non-fatal myocardial infarction are significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than those without. NAFLD combined with vulnerable plaque of coronary arteries predicts worse prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Simplified outpatient service flow and higher service efficiency can save back-and-forth trips and queuing time of outpatients and better their medical experience. The authors introduced the hospital′s experience in establishing a one-stop multi-functional outpatient service center. This center integrated such departments as outpatient office service, medical insurance office service, and registration & fee payment. Such a " multifunctional post" provided a one-stop service for the patients, hence optimizing the workflow for creating a convenient and fast outpatient service.